Sketchplanations
Big Ideas Little Pictures

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Explaining the world one sketch at a time

Sketchplanations makes complex ideas simple with clear, insightful sketches. Explore topics from science, creativity, psychology, and beyond explained in pictures.

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Learn something new in a sketch each Sunday

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Draw what you see, not what you think

It’s very easy to draw what we think something looks like, rather than what we’re actually seeing. One of the things art classes teach you is to measure what you’re seeing to not let your eyes be fooled by your common sense. An art teacher in a class at Berkeley once, memorably, sat on the classroom floor to illustrate foreshortening like I’ve shown here. It has stuck with me.
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London running kit

This lot will have you set: house key, Boris bike key, Oyster card, Credit card, a fiver, and a phone for maps and photos. Now you can go anywhere.
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Three-point perspective illustration: showing three vanishing points and the angling of tall downtown buildings

Three-point perspective

In two-point perspective, we draw our vertical lines, vertical. In three-point perspective, our vertical lines are at an angle, converging on our third vanishing point above or below. The simplest way to experience third-point perspective is to stand at the corner of a tall building like a church tower and look up. Not only will the sides of the church converge to vanishing points to either side, but the parallel vertical lines of the tower will appear to converge at some point high in the sky—our third vanishing point. Three-point perspective makes for a more realistic scene but only becomes apparent when there's enough vertical relief, either up to the sky or below, in what we're viewing. As a result, we most commonly see it in views of downtown skyscrapers, perhaps with a caped or swinging superhero. Also see: One-point perspective Two-point perspective
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Two-point perspective

Two-point perspective

Two-point perspective has lines that converge to two points on a horizon. Also see: One-point perspective Three-point perspective
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One-point perspective illustration: from Stanley Kubrick's The Shining

One-point perspective

Perspective can be tricky to get your head around. In drawing and art, using perspective creates the illusion of three-dimensional space on a flat surface. The simplest form to understand is one-point perspective. You will have experienced one-point perspective when standing in a corridor or looking down the center of a street. If you continue the parallel lines of the walls and ground toward the center, they would appear to converge at a central point in front of you at eye level, known as the vanishing point. When real-life features are parallel like this, you can use a central vanishing point as a guide to help capture the scene accurately. The simplicity of one-point perspective makes it impactful. Leonardo Da Vinci, a personal hero of mine, famously employed one-point perspective in his painting of the Last Supper in the Santa Maria delle Grazie monastery in Milan. The vanishing point, carefully placed behind Jesus' head, draws the viewer's attention to the main subject of the scene. Turns out Kubrick is pretty handy at one-point perspective.
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